Orion Capsule Ocean Splashdown Caps Stunning Success for NASA’s Historic Artemis 1 Moon Mission

Orion Capsule Ocean Splashdown Caps Stunning Success for NASA’s Historic Artemis 1 Moon Mission
Orion Capsule Ocean Splashdown Caps Stunning Success for NASA’s Historic Artemis 1 Moon Mission
NASA’s Orion spacecraft for the Artemis I mission splashed down in the Pacific Ocean at 12:40 a.m. EST on Sunday, Dec. 11, 2022 after a 25.5-day mission to the Moon. Orion will be recovered by NASA’s Landing and Recovery team, U.S. Navy and Department of Defense partners aboard the USS Portland. Credit: NASA

For SpaceUpClose.com & RocketSTEM

CAPE CANAVERAL, FL – Precisely 50 years to the day when humans last landed on the Moon on Apollo 17, NASA’s next generation human rated lunar capsule Orion safely returned to Earth, Sunday, Dec. 11, capping a history making month long demonstration mission around the Moon and back with a successful ocean splashdown off the coast of California after surviving tremendous speeds and scorching temperatures plunging into our Home Planet’s atmosphere.

NASA’s uncrewed Orion spacecraft splashed down in the Pacific Ocean, west of Baja California, at 12:40 a.m. EST (1740 GMT) Sunday, Dec. 11 after a record-breaking mission, traveling more than 1.4 million miles on a path around the Moon and returning safely to Earth, completing a nearly flawless shakedown cruise on the Artemis 1 flight test that now paves the path to returning humans to deep space soon.

“This is what mission success looks like, folks,” said Mike Sarafin, NASA’s Artemis 1 mission manager, at the post splashdown media briefing. “This was a challenging mission.”

Artemis 1 was nearly flawless in every respect and exceeded expectations- accomplishing all 124 primary test objectives as well as some 20 additional bonus  objectives added in flight since everything proceeded so well.

NASA’s Orion spacecraft for the Artemis I mission splashed down in the Pacific Ocean at 12:40 a.m. EST on Sunday, Dec. 11, 2022 after a 25.5 day mission to the Moon. Orion will be recovered by NASA’s Landing and Recovery team, U.S. Navy and Department of Defense partners aboard the USS Portland. Screenshot Credit: NASA/ Space UpClose

Having passed through the harrowing fiery reentry at 25,000 mph and some 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit  (a temperature half as hot as the surface of the sun), the NASA capsule finally descended on three main parachutes (116 ft wide) to a splashdown in the Pacific at about 20 mph (32 kph).

Thus accomplishing the primary goal of Orion Artemis 1 – proving that the heat shield would function as designed and protect astronauts seated inside on their return to Earth from deep space at human reentry speeds not tested since NASA’s Apollo moon landing era concluded half a century ago.

The entire 25.5-day Artemis 1 adventure from start to finish to the Moon and back was carried out publicly with everything on the line to bring folks along for a birds eye view – and broadcast live on NASA TV

“The splashdown of the Orion spacecraft – which occurred 50 years to the day of the Apollo 17 Moon landing – is the crowning achievement of Artemis I. From the launch of the world’s most powerful rocket to the exceptional journey around the Moon and back to Earth, this flight test is a major step forward in the Artemis Generation of lunar exploration,” said NASA Administrator Bill Nelson.

“It wouldn’t be possible without the incredible NASA team. For years, thousands of individuals have poured themselves into this mission, which is inspiring the world to work together to reach untouched cosmic shores. Today is a huge win for NASA, the United States, our international partners, and all of humanity.”

NASA’s Orion spacecraft for the Artemis I mission splashed down in the Pacific Ocean at 12:40 a.m. EST on Sunday, Dec. 11, after a 25.5 day mission to the Moon. Orion will be recovered by NASA’s Landing and Recovery team, U.S. Navy and Department of Defense partners aboard the USS Portland. Credit: NASA

As it barreled homewards cameras attached on Orion’s solar array wings captured spectacular views of the blue planet Earth – growing ever larger in apparent size with oceans and continents in view.

Earth from a solar array camera on NASA’s Orion spacecraft on final day of Artemis I mission shortly before it splashed down in the Pacific Ocean at 12:40 a.m. EST on Sunday, Dec. 11, 2022 after a 25.5 day mission to the Moon. Screenshot Credit: NASA/ Space UpClose

 

Some 40 minutes prior to entering the Earth’s atmosphere, NASA’s Orion crew module (built by prime contractor Lockheed Martin) separated from its service module, which is the propulsive powerhouse provided by ESA (European Space Agency).

Within about 20 minutes from entry interface, Orion slowed from nearly 25,000 mph to about 20 mph for its parachute-assisted splashdown.

The 16.5 ft (5 m) diameter Orion capsule was so precisely controlled that it landed only 2.1 nautical miles from its targeted ocean landing site. NASA was aiming to land within 5 nautical mile of the target – to enable quick recovery of the capsule this time and astronauts on future flights.

Simultaneously it whets our appetites with spectacular astronauts eye views of whats in store the next time Orion flies with a crew of four on the Artemis 2 mission slated for liftoff by late 2024.

On Dec. 5, 2022, on flight day 20 of the Artemis I mission, Orion captured a selfie with the Moon on the day of return powered flyby. The burn, which lasted 3 minutes, 27 seconds, committed the spacecraft to a Dec. 11 splashdown. Credit: NASA

Check out this HD gallery of additional splashdown and recovery images from NASA:

 

To set up the Sunday’s splashdown, Orion harnessed the Moon’s gravity significantly bending its trajectory for a slingshot maneuver back to Earth at a distance of a quarter of a million miles on Flight Day 20 of the 26-day unpiloted Artemis 1 mission.

 

The spacecraft made its second and final close approach to the Moon at 11:43 a.m. EST Monday, Dec. 5, just before its return powered flyby burn, passing 80.6 miles (129 km) above the lunar surface.

 

“With Orion safely returned to Earth we can begin to see our next mission on the horizon which will fly crew to the Moon for the first time as a part of the next era of exploration,” said Jim Free, NASA associate administrator for the Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate.

“This begins our path to a regular cadence of missions and a sustained human presence at the Moon for scientific discovery and to prepare for human missions to Mars.”

Orion used a skip reentry technique with two precisely planned dips into the atmosphere to slow and bleed of its high speed, reduce-g-loads for passengers aboard, and lower the heat loads on the capsules external thermal protection system skin as it smashes into the Earth atmosphere at some 25,000 mph 33,300 kph) and reaches about 5000 degrees Fahrenheit (2760 C).

The skip re-entry trajectory also allowed the Orion team to more precisely target the capsule to its splashdown zone nearer to the recovery forces.

Frictional drag and eventually 11 parachutes slowed Orion down to a splashdown speed of a much gentler 20 mph.

NASA and U.S. Navy recovery forces and dive teams in the sea and by helicopter quickly approached Orion post splashdown in fast boats, safed it and placed it on a cradle to transport into the well deck of the U.S.S. Portland

All 5 uprighting bags deployed as planned after splashdown to orient Orion into the upright ‘Stable 1’position.

At 12:40 p.m. EST, Dec. 11, 2022, the Orion spacecraft for the Artemis I mission splashed down in the Pacific Ocean after a 25.5-day mission to the Moon. Flight controllers in mission control at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston spent about two hours performing tests in open water to gather additional data about the spacecraft. Orion was then recovered by NASA’s Landing and Recovery team, U.S. Navy and Department of Defense partners aboard the USS Portland. Recovery personnel also spent time collecting detailed imagery of the spacecraft before beginning to pull the capsule into the USS Portland’s well deck. The ship will soon begin its trip back to U.S. Naval Base San Diego, where engineers will remove Orion from the ship in preparation for transport back to Kennedy Space Center in Florida for post-flight analysis. Orion is expected to arrive to shore Dec. 13. Credit: NASA/James M. Blair

During the mission, Orion performed two lunar flybys, coming within 80 miles of the lunar surface. At its farthest distance during the mission, Orion traveled nearly 270,000 miles from our home planet, more than 1,000 times farther than where the International Space Station orbits Earth, to intentionally stress systems before flying crew.

On Monday, Nov. 28, 2022, NASA’s Orion spacecraft reached its maximum distance from Earth during the Artemis I mission—268,563 miles away from our home planet, farther than any spacecraft designed to send humans to space and back has gone before. In this image, Orion captures a unique view of Earth and the Moon, seen from a camera mounted on one of the spacecraft’s solar arrays. Credit: NASA

During the flight test, Orion stayed in space longer than any spacecraft designed for astronauts has done without docking to a space station. While in a distant lunar orbit, Orion surpassed the record for distance traveled by a spacecraft designed to carry humans, previously set during Apollo 13.

“Orion has returned from the Moon and is safely back on planet Earth,” said Mike Sarafin, Artemis I mission manager. “With splashdown we have successfully operated Orion in the deep space environment, where it exceeded our expectations, and demonstrated that Orion can withstand the extreme conditions of returning through Earth’s atmosphere from lunar velocities.”

Recovery teams are now working to secure Orion for the journey home. NASA leads the interagency landing and recovery team on the USS Portland, which consists of personnel and assets from the U.S. Department of Defense, including Navy amphibious specialists, Space Force weather specialists, and Air Force specialists, as well as engineers and technicians from NASA Kennedy, the agency’s Johnson Space Center in Houston, and Lockheed Martin Space Operations.

In the coming days, Orion will return to shore where technicians will offload the spacecraft and transfer it by truck back to Kennedy. Once at Kennedy, teams will open the hatch and unload several payloads, including Commander Moonikin Campos, the space biology experiments, Snoopy, and the official flight kit. Next, the capsule and its heat shield will undergo testing and analysis over the course of several months.

Overall Orion journeyed 1.4 million miles from the Nov. 16 launch to Dec. 11 splashdown

NASA Artemis 1 mission trajectory map. Credit: NASA

Orion has unveiled the Earth-Moon system as never before.

All 8 Billion humans are here together as one folk!

NASA’s Orion Artemis 1 spacecraft snapped a series of staggeringly beautiful selfie views with the cratered lunar surface and the rising crescent Earth against an eerie backdrop of the blackness of space as it conducted the critical return flyby powered (RPF) maneuver Monday, Dec. 5 – that irreversibly committed the capsule to departing lunar orbit and a return to the Home Planet after completing a final close flyby of the Moon and finishing the final major burn of the unprecedented test flight.

On Dec. 5, 2022, on 20th day of Artemis I mission, Orion captures staggeringly beautiful selfie with the cratered Moon and rising crescent Earth and completing the 3 minute, 27 second return powered flyby burn, committing the spacecraft to a Dec. 11 splashdown in the Pacific Ocean. Screenshot Credit: NASA / Space UpClose processing

Among many firsts, Orion Artemis 1 also surpassed the previous human spaceflight distance record of 248,654 miles (397,864 km) set by the Apollo 13 crew all the way back in 1970, and finally exceeded on Saturday, Nov. 26.

 

Two days later on Monday, Nov. 28, Orion reached its greatest distance from Earth at over 268,500 miles (432,000 kilometers).

 

Orion also captured stunning up close imagery of the tortured lunar surface terrain during the unpiloted vehicles 1st close flyby orbiting around the Moon’s far side on Flight Day 6 of the test flight mission on 21 Nov. 2022.

This stunning mosaic of the tortured and heavily cratered Lunar surface was created from individual up close images captured by NASA’s Orion Artemis 1 spacecraft during the unpiloted vehicles 1st close flyby orbiting around the Moon’s far side on Flight Day 6 of the test flight mission on 21 Nov. 2022. This mosaic was stitched by Ken Kremer from the NASA black and white raw images taken by the Orion optical navigation camera of the surface below and out to the limb and blackness of space. Credit: NASA/JSC/Ken Kremer/Space UpClose

I’ve created a trio of up close lunar mosaics from the detailed images taken by Orion by stitching together NASA black and white raw images taken by the optical navigation camera – showing the heavily cratered surface and illustrating this story.

This stunning mosaic of the tortured and heavily cratered Lunar surface was created from individual up close images captured by NASA’s Orion Artemis 1 spacecraft during the unpiloted vehicles 1st close flyby orbiting around the Moon’s far side on Flight Day 6 of the test flight mission on 21 Nov. 2022. This mosaic is cropped to show the lower half of the overall mosaic and was stitched by Ken Kremer from the NASA black and white raw images taken by the Orion optical navigation camera of the pockmarked surface below and out to the limb and blackness of space. Credit: NASA/JSC/Ken Kremer/Space UpClose

The long mosaic shows the entire ground track of the pockmarked surface of our nearest celestial neighbor as seen in 17 raw images snapped by Orion soaring over the Moon during its closest approach Nov. 21.

This stunning mosaic of the tortured and heavily cratered Lunar surface was created from individual up close images captured by NASA’s Orion Artemis 1 spacecraft during the unpiloted vehicles 1st close flyby orbiting around the Moon’s far side on Flight Day 6 of the test flight mission on 21 Nov. 2022. This mosaic is cropped to show the upper half of the overall mosaic and was stitched by Ken Kremer from the NASA black and white raw images taken by the Orion optical navigation camera of the pockmarked surface below. Credit: NASA/JSC/Ken Kremer/Space UpClose

The other two mosaics show the detailed upper and lower halves individually, across out to the Moon’s limb and the blackness of space.

Artemis 1 is paving the way for America’s return to the Moon with astronauts on the next flight on Artemis 2 set for launch in 2024 and eventually the next lunar landing on Artemis 3 around mid-decade and no earlier than late 2025.

On Artemis 3 NASA will land the first woman and the first person of color on the surface of the Moon, paving the way for a long-term lunar presence and serving as a steppingstone for astronauts on the way to Mars.

Water reflecting view of nature and space as NASA’s Space Launch System (SLS) rocket carrying the Orion spacecraft launches on the Artemis I lunar flight test, Wednesday, Nov. 16, 2022, at 1:47 a.m. ET from Launch Pad 39B at the Kennedy Space Center as bird observes from the Turn Basin. Artemis 1 is first integrated flight test of Orion and SLS rocket around the Moon and back. Credit: Ken Kremer/spaceupclose.com

 

The test flight of the uncrewed Orion capsule began with the stunning debut liftoff of NASA Space Launch System (SLS) mega moon rocket on the Artemis 1 mission at 1:47 a.m. EST (0647 GMT) Wednesday, Nov. 16 from Launch Pad 39B at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida – sending America to the moon with the 1st human rated capsule in 50 years.

Blinded by the light: NASA Artemis 1 uncrewed test flight streaks to orbit at last – in this fisheye view – at 1:47 a.m. ET Nov. 16, 2022 from Launch Pad 39B, at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida – between iconic VAB (left) and US Flag (right) on 8.8 million pounds liftoff thrust – as world’s most powerful rocket arcing over and soaring beside Moon it will soon orbit. Fisheye lens photo is overblown from blinding light of rocket flames. Artemis 1 is first integrated flight test of the Orion spacecraft and Space Launch System (SLS) rocket around the Moon and back. Credit: Ken Kremer/spaceupclose.com

SLS now counts as the world’s the most powerful rocket ever built – about 15 to 20% more powerful than NASA’s Apollo Saturn V moon rocket and the Space Shuttle.

The primary objectives for the Artemis 1 mission that must be accomplished following the successful launch and delivery by the SLS moon rocket are: demonstrating Orion’s heat shield at lunar return re-entry conditions, demonstrating operations and facilities during all mission phases, and retrieving the spacecraft after splashdown.

Water reflection pond view of NASA Artemis 1 Moon rocket on Nov. 15, 2022, standing vertical atop the mobile launcher to Launch Pad 39B, at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Launch of the uncrewed lunar flight test is targeted for Nov. 16, 2022 at 1:04 a.m. EST. Artemis I mission is the first integrated test of the agency’s deep space exploration systems: the Orion spacecraft, SLS rocket, and supporting ground systems. Credit: Ken Kremer/spaceupclose.com

Artemis 1 is the first integrated flight test of the agency’s deep space exploration systems: the Orion spacecraft, Space Launch System (SLS) rocket, and ground systems and the mission is a critical part of NASA’s Moon to Mars exploration strategy.

The 32-story tall Artemis 1 stack is comprised of NASA’s Space Launch System (SLS) Mega moon rocket integrated with the Orion crew spacecraft on top.

NASA’s SLS rocket carrying the Orion spacecraft launches on Artemis I lunar flight test, Wednesday, Nov. 16, 2022, at 1:47 a.m. ET from Launch Pad 39B at the Kennedy Space Center. Artemis 1 is first integrated flight test of Orion and SLS rocket around the Moon and back. Credit: Jean Wright/spaceupclose.com

Overall the Artemis 1 mission with SLS and Orion performed flawlessly – with no significant technical issues arising.

NASA Artemis 1 Moon rocket standing vertical atop the mobile launcher on Launch Pad 39B, at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Launch of the uncrewed lunar flight test is targeted for Nov. 16, 2022 at 1:04 a.m. EST. Artemis I mission is the first integrated test of the agency’s deep space exploration systems: the Orion spacecraft, SLS rocket, and supporting ground systems. Credit: Ken Kremer/spaceupclose.com

NASA is used the DRO orbit for Artemis 1 because it is a very fuel efficient trajectory around the moon requiring minimal thruster firings.

 

The DRO orbital trajectory purpose is to test Orion to its limits for nearly a month and will not be used on any future Artemis missions.

 

DRO is “distant” in “the sense that it’s at a high altitude approximately 50,000 miles from the surface of the Moon. Due to the distance, the orbit is so large that it will take the spacecraft six days to complete half of a revolution around the Moon before exiting the orbit for the return journey back to Earth.”

 

Future Artemis moon landing mission and NASA’s planned Gateway lunar orbiting mini space station will use the NRHO orbit – or near rectilinear halo orbit to provide access to the lunar south pole and caches of lunar water ice inside permanently shadowed craters.

 

NASA Artemis 1 Moon rocket on Nov. 15, 2022, standing vertical atop the mobile launcher on Launch Pad 39B, at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Launch of the uncrewed lunar flight test is targeted for Nov. 16, 2022 at 1:04 a.m. EST. Artemis I mission is the first integrated test of the agency’s deep space exploration systems: the Orion spacecraft, SLS rocket, and supporting ground systems. Credit: Ken Kremer/spaceupclose.com

Watch Ken’s commentary about Project Artemis, SpaceX Falcon Heavy, Crew-5, NASA SLS cryo and WDR tests, NASA SpaceX Crew & Cargo Dragons and more

 

Dec 11/12: BBC World News TV interview about  successful splashdown of NASA Orion concluding the 25 day Artemis 1 lunar test flight around the Moon and back, and how that sets up a human return to the Moon on Artemis 2 and landing on Artemis 3. Plus what’s beyond for NASA deep space exploration to Mars and the search for life beyond Earth

https://youtu.be/Qw4NPkgZ7HE

 

 

Nov 22:  WFTV ABC News Orlando interview about upcoming NASA SpaceX CRS 26 cargo resupply mission to the ISS and science aboard + Artemis 1 launch and Orion crew capsule successfully entering lunar orbit, results and mission goals

https://www.wftv.com/news/video-unfavorable-weather-postpones-first-2-planned-launches-tuesday/f6b46562-3d2d-430f-949b-c0bafc71fd33/

https://www.wftv.com/news/local/brevard-county/spacex-set-2-rocket-launches-tuesday-floridas-space-coast/BPUZHFLEMBA4PFCGNGJ2DQAFRE/

Nov 22:  Fox 35 interview about upcoming NASA SpaceX CRS 26 cargo resupply mission to the ISS and science aboard + Artemis 1 launch and Orion crew capsule successfully entering lunar orbit, results and mission goals

Nov 21/22:  BBC World TV interview about Orion crew capsule successfully entering lunar orbit, results and mission goals

https://youtu.be/pre2gUmz3so

 

Nov 16: Fox 35 Orlando live and taped interviews about Artemis 1 launch and goals

Dr. Ken Kremer of Space UpClose interview about Artemis 1 on Fox 35 Orlando

Nov 15/16:  News Nation interview about Artemis 1 launch and goals

 

Nov 7/8: Fox 35 Orlando – As subtropical storm Nicole approaches KSC and Florida watch my comments about NASA deciding for the moment to keep Artemis 1 moon rocket at pad 39b and not roll back to VAB

https://www.fox35orlando.com/news/nasa-says-its-keeping-artemis-outside-during-major-storm

Nov 4/5: WFTV ABC News Orlando featured my commentary about Artemis 1 rollout overnight and goals of NASA lunar test flight mission launching Nov 14 at 1207 AM

Nov 4:  Fox 35 Orlando featured my commentary about Artemis 1 rollout overnight and goals of NASA lunar test flight mission launching Nov 14

 

Nov 1: Fox 35 Good Day Orlando morning show featured my live and taped prelaunch interview commentary about SpaceX Falcon Heavy launch with Space Force national security payloads

 

Nov 1: WFTV ABC News featured my commentary about SpaceX Falcon Heavy launch with Space Force national security payloads

https://news.yahoo.com/watch-lve-spacex-launches-falcon-100341265.html

Oct 31: WFTV ABC News featured my commentary about SpaceX Falcon Heavy launch with Space Force national security payloads

 

https://www.wftv.com/news/local/spacex-falcon-heavy-ready-launch-tuesday-morning-double-sonic-boom-expected/CJVF25UEABACDMUOOCO2NEK7CQ/

Oct 27: WFTV ABC News and Fox 35 Orlando featured my commentary about Falcon Heavy and the Space Force national security payloads

https://www.wftv.com/news/local/brevard-county/spacex-aiming-first-falcon-9-heavy-launch-years/2T6SWE5KCNFA3LDJ4M25HWLH4M/

https://www.fox35orlando.com/video/1137117

 

 

Watch Ken’s continuing reports about Artemis, SpaceX missions, SLS, Orion and NASA missions, SpaceX Crew and Cargo Dragons, SpaceX Axiom, JWST, DART, Lucy Asteroid mission, GOES, SpaceX Starlink, Commercial Crew and Starliner and Crew Dragon, Blue Origin and Space Tourism, and onsite for live reporting of upcoming and recent SpaceX and ULA launches including Crew 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5, ISS, Solar Orbiter, Mars 2020 Perseverance and Curiosity rovers, NRO spysats and national security missions and more at the Kennedy Space Center and Cape Canaveral Space Force Station.

Stay tuned here for Ken’s continuing Earth and Planetary science and human spaceflight news: www.spaceupclose.com – twitter @ken_kremer – email: ken at kenkremer.com

Dr. Kremer is a research scientist and journalist based in the KSC area, active in outreach and interviewed regularly on TV and radio about space topics.
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Ken’s photos are for sale and he is available for lectures and outreach events

Please consider supporting Ken’s work by purchasing his photos and/or donating at Patreon

https://www.patreon.com/kenkremer

Upcoming and recent space events and talks by Ken Kremer & Jean Wright

Nov 29 at UCF, Orlando Florida: Presentation by Jean Wright – “Sew Sister to the Stars- How the Humble Art of Sewing Transformed the World of Flight”

Upcoming and recent space events and talks by Ken Kremer & Jean Wright

Dec 7/10/15 and Nov 25/29 from 7 to 9 PM Quality Inn, Titusville, FL:  Join Ken and Jean for Artemis 1, Falcon Heavy and space mission and rocket launch outreach. Ask us anything. plus display our photos and space apparel items for sale

NASA’s Space Launch System (SLS) rocket with the Orion spacecraft aboard is seen up close atop Launch Complex 39B, for the first time at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, April 21, 2022 after first ever rollout from the VAB on March 17 for launch on the unpiloted Artemis 1 lunar mission NET Summer 2022. Credit: Jean Wright/spaceupclose.com
NASA’s SLS rocket carrying the Orion spacecraft launches on Artemis I lunar flight test, Wednesday, Nov. 16, 2022, at 1:47 a.m. ET from Launch Pad 39B at the Kennedy Space Center. Artemis 1 is first integrated flight test of Orion and SLS rocket around the Moon and back. Credit: Jean Wright/spaceupclose.com
Jean Wright and Ken Kremer of Space UpClose pose with NASA’s Space Launch System (SLS) rocket integrated with the Orion spacecraft on July 2, 2022 during rollback from pad 39B to the VAB. Credit: Ken Kremer/spaceupclose.com

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Ken Kremer

Watch for Ken’s continuing onsite coverage of NASA, SpaceX, ULA, Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman and more space and mission reports direct from Kennedy Space Center and Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida and Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia. Stay tuned here for Ken's continuing Earth and Planetary science and human spaceflight news. Dr. Kremer is a research scientist and journalist based in the KSC area, active in outreach and interviewed regularly on TV and radio about space topics. Ken’s photos are for sale and he is available for lectures and outreach events.

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For SpaceUpClose & RocketSTEM TITUSVILLE, FL – Watch my complete live LiveNOW from FOX video interview with host Austin Westfall about NASA’s decision on Saturday Aug. 24 to bring NASA astronauts Butch Wilmore & Suni Williams home from ISS on a SpaceX Crew Dragon in Feb 2025 for safety reasons – instead of the Boeing  Starliner they originally launched on

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